What is the difference between power tool batteries?

Here’s a statement that shouldn’t shock you: the quality and type of your power tool battery directly influences how the device itself operates. Some factors affected by the type of battery include max. power output, charging time, overall predictable lifespan, and, to some extent, the safety of the battery as well. But how can you make an informed choice without knowing the difference between power tool batteries? That’s what we’re here for: to break down each type, give you the pros and the cons, and, ultimately, help you make a more informed decision. Ready? Let’s break it down.

Different types of power tool batteries

As technology evolved, so have the different types of power tool batteries. These days, the vast majority of power tools rely on lithium-ion technology, as it’s the most stable, efficient, and affordable.

While their chemical composition plays a role, it’s rather insignificant compared to more important factors, such as the battery’s series (S) configuration. Essentially, the series determines the voltage of the battery pack. Power tool batteries are typically categorized based on how many cells are connected in series. Most commonly, you’ll find power tool batteries with 3S, 5S, or 10S. 

3S battery configuration (10.8V or 12V)

A 3S battery pack consists of three cells connected in series, delivering a nominal voltage of 10.8V, which increases to around 12V when fully charged. These batteries are commonly used in compact and lightweight power tools, like cordless screwdrivers and smaller drills. Essentially, these are your bread-and-butter batteries for basic utility tools. Light, portable, and easy to use, they’re ideal for light-duty tasks.

5S battery configuration (18V or 20V)

Today, most power tools utilize this battery configuration. Stacking five cells in a series strikes a good balance between heft and enough power to provide continuous operation for most general-purpose handiwork. The nominal voltage  18V is enough to operate tools like drills, impact drivers, saws, and others. They’re the industry standard for many DIY enthusiasts and professional contractors, for example.

10S battery configuration (36V or 40V)

A 10S battery pack comprises ten cells in series, resulting in a nominal voltage of 36V. These types of batteries pack a significant punch and are used for heavy-duty tools like chainsaws, lawnmowers, and heavier, industrial-grade equipment. As you might imagine, their power output is significantly higher, but so is their size and weight.

Navigating compatibility between different types of power tool batteries

Now that you understand the differences between power tool batteries, let’s talk a little about their compatibility.

Of course, you can’t use a 3S battery in a tool designed for heavy-duty tasks and a 10S battery. That much should be obvious, but what else should you be mindful of?

• Manufacturer Compatibility: Many power tool manufacturers also produce their batteries. Since they use proprietary technology, you can’t just swap one 18V battery into a tool made by a different brand and expect it to work. Today, one battery type could supply different power tools within one brand. 
• Capacity and Amp-Hour Ratings: While batteries in the same product line are usually interchangeable, their amp-hour (Ah) ratings differ. A higher Ah rating means longer runtime but potentially more weight. Choose a battery that balances your need for power duration and tool manageability.

The takeaway

With the differences between power tool batteries out of the way, hopefully, you now have a better understanding of what you’re working with.

If you need a trusted company that offers quality lithium-ion solutions, look no further than EMBattery Systems. We specialise in manufacturing reliable lithium-ion systems for industrial and commercial applications. With over two decades of experience, we strive to innovate and advance our technology. Contact us today to discover our state-of-the-art battery solutions!

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